CDK makes it pretty easy and straightforward to create CodePipelines – define the pipeline, add build steps as needed, add deployment stages and you’re done. But imagine a scenario where you install Node dependencies in one step and then need to run some NPM scripts in another down the line. In order to avoid reinstalling the dependencies every time you can pass output of one step as an input of another:

const installStep = new CodeBuildStep("install-step", {
   input: sourceStep,
   commands: ["npm ci"],
   primaryOutputDirectory: ".",
});
 
const testStep = new CodeBuildStep("test-step", {
   input: installStep,
   commands: ["npm run test"],
   primaryOutputDirectory: ".",
});

Passing output of the installStep as input of the testStep copies everything created in the installStep – files, directory structure – including all dependencies installed into node_modules folder to the testStep, so any npm command in theory should work. But in reality they’d fail, telling you that some module or other is not found. The reason is that in addition to installing dependencies npm ci command also creates symlinks between some of them. Copying files from one step to another loses those symlinks. In order to rebuild them you need to run npm rebuild before running any npm commands in the consecutive steps. So the test step becomes

const testStep = new CodeBuildStep("test-step", {
   input: installStep,
   commands: ["npm rebuild", "npm run test"],
   primaryOutputDirectory: ".",
});

And this will throw no errors.